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The Scientific
Basis for Indoor Tanning Exposure Schedules
Sayre, Robert 1,2
and Caswell, Michael1
Rapid Precision Testing Laboratories, Cordova TN 380181
Dept. of Medicine, Div. Dermatology, Univ. of Tennessee Center for the
Health Sciences, Memphis, TN 381632
Abstract-
Erythema and tanning responses have generally been studied by examining
the biological response to single exposures of UV radiation. Until recently
there have been few studies examining the risks and benefits of multiple
UV exposure in human subjects. The indoor tanning industry is based
upon the ability to promote UV-induced tanning without sunburn or erythema(1).
Two groups of investigators have recently examined multiple UVA suberythemic
exposures from xenon-arc solar simulators to groups of volunteers(2-4).
The results of these studies suggest that skin injury may occur independent
of erythema. During the more than 15 years in which indoor tanning has
been using FDA approved tanning units, there has been only one report
in when an indoor tanning unit was used to induce tanning following
the FDA recommended exposure schedule for tanning(5). While every volunteer
in this study developed a tan, more importantly no significant erythemic
response was reported. Further follow up indicate that once tanning
had occurred, it persisted through the final observation period, three
weeks after the final exposure. Additional tan maintenance studies are
necessary to determine an appropriate tan maintenance exposure schedule
and to evaluate tan maintenance schedules for different skin types and
for different tanning beds. References: 1. Sunlamp products and ultraviolet
lamps intended for use in sunlamp products. 21CFR1040.20. 2. Lavker
RM, Gerberick GF, Veres D, Irwin CJ, Kaidbey KH. Cumulative effects
from repeated exposure to suberythemal doses of UVB and UVA in human
skin, J Amer Acad Dermatol 1995;32:53-62. 3. Lavker RM,
Veres D, Irwin CJ, Kaidbey KH. Quantitative assessment of cumulative
damage from repetitive exposures to suberythemogenic doses of UVA in
human skin. Photochem Photobiol 1995; 62:348-52. 4. Lowe
NJ, Meyers DP, Wideer JM, Luftman D, Borget T, Lehman MD, Johnson AW,
Scott IR. Low doses of repetitive ultraviolet A induce morphologic changes
in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1995: 105:739-743. 5.
Caswell M. The Development of a Tan from Exposures to a Tanning Bed.
Photoderm Photoimmun Photomed 2000; 16:10-14.
Keywords: tanning,
erythema, UVA, exposure
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