Photochemistry and Photobiology: ASP is most fortunate to have Tito Scaiano as the editor of its Journal. Tito is introducing several innovations that you will become aware of over the next several months. Working with the Publications Committee, ably chaired by Tom Owens and now by Dan Yarosh, the Journal is charging forth into the electronic era, cautiously but with the realization that it must keep pace. Members will shortly be offered the option of receiving the last two years of P&P on CD-ROM and current issues in electronic format as well as the traditional paper format. With respect to the web version, you will get to see how you like it, because it will be offered free for a few months before conversion to secure access. There are serious concerns about how electronic publishing will affect the Society's bottom line, because our main source of income is the Journal. So, we will watch developments carefully.
The 1999 annual meeting in Washington, D.C.: Program chair Margaret Kripke has put together an exciting meeting entitled, "Focus on the Environment." There will be heavy emphasis on molecular, medical, and environmental effects of UVA and UVB, including on ecosystems, effects of ozone depletion, and measurement of these radiations. But interests of other components of the Society will not be left out. If you see some new faces at the meeting, they may be participating in a "meeting within the meeting" on Pharmaceutical Photostability. ASP is hoping to welcome a group of scientists focused on drug photostability into our meeting and our Society. I hope to see a high turnout of members in Washington at what promises to be an excellent scientific forum.
The ICP2000 meeting in San Francisco: The millenial year is the time of the next International Congress of Photobiology, which will be held at the Hyatt Regency San Francisco, July 1-6, 2000. If you haven't already done so, mark these dates on your calendar. ASP will not hold a separate meeting that year but is hosting the international meeting for the Association Internationale de Photobiologie. As program chair for ICP2000, I can assure you of a scientifically superb meeting that is being assembled by a star-studded international program committee. And the setting for the meeting will be glorious. You won't want to miss it.
ASP Officers/Council/Committees: This is an exceptional group of dedicated members who sit through long meetings and are inspired to do the actual work of the Society. One of our constant efforts is ensuring that the members of all of the various constituencies remain interested in the functions of the Society, particularly in attending and participating in the annual meeting and in sending their best papers to Photochemistry and Photobiology. In this regard, it's important for you, the members, to keep us informed about your impressions and concerns. Let me or your Division representative know when you have an idea or a problem.
The work of some of the committees of Council will be or has been described in other articles, but I would like to highlight two efforts at this time. The Mentoring Committee, now chaired by John Spudich with co-chair Honnavara Ananthaswamy, will be continuing the one-year-old tradition of hosting a luncheon at the annual meeting for all young investigators and selected senior members of the Society. The goal is to encourage interaction among ASP's leaders of yesterday, today, and tomorrow. This activity was well received last year and is sure to be a success again in Washington. I'm sure John and Swamy would be glad to hear your thoughts on this and other efforts of that committee.
The Membership Committee, chaired by Woody Hastings, has been considering several new ideas not just to bolster membership but to enhance the engagement of members in Society activities: using P&P to identify and solicit non-members; linking with other societies or interest groups, such as the Pharmaceutical Photostability Group described above, which will be holding its 1999 meeting in association with ASP's; and sponsorship of specialized symposia. Do you, the members, have ideas that the committees ought to consider? Let the chairs know. Would you like to help in the implementation of the ideas? The chairs would be especially happy to hear from you.
One of my most important goals as President has been to encourage participation by the members. Some progress has been made, but there is much more to be done, and I am sure that President-elect Chuck Gomer will also appreciate hearing from you with ideas and offers of help. I am reminded of a wonderful saying from the Talmud that has been a watchword for me: "It is not given to you to complete the work; neither are you free to desist from doing it." If each of us makes a small contribution toward our common goals, the benefits to us and our science will grow immeasurably, even if none of us as individuals can complete the job. [See page 3. Ed.]
Photobiology owes a tremendous debt to Raymond Latarjet of France who died on June 3, 1998. He was one of the fathers of modern photobiology helping to found, in 1950, the Comité Internationale de Photobiologie (CIP, subsequently AIP). This organization, of which he was the President from 1960-1964, spawned a large number of other Photobiology organizations, including our own ASP.
Latarjet was one of the giants of our science. He was not only a great scientist, but a man of real culture and a brilliant and witty and humorous speaker. His expertise in photobiology began in 1935, at the age of 24, with his quantitative analysis of how ozone depletion would result in an increase in biological effects on skin. In a letter I wrote to him in 1973, I pointed out that "our U.S. engineers will make involved and complicated calculations, all of which I suspect will give the same result as you have obtained."
In 1947 he carried out, in collaboration with S. Luria, pioneering experiments on the effects of UV on intracellular bacterial viruses as a function of time during their development. The experiments known as the Luria-Latarjet experiments were classics for many years. They led to his pioneering observation in 1949 of UV-induced mutations in bacteriophage exposed within E. coli cells. These experiments were carried out with great precision and concern with dosimetry. Ultimately, in 1953, they led to construction of a simple dosimeter to measure germicidal radiation that was a standard for many years.
Note: Photochemistry and Photobiology plans to publish a tribute to Raymond Latarjet in the form of a group of relevant scientific papers in the July 1999 issue. Suggestions of possible authors should be sent to R.B. Setlow (setlow@bnl.gov). Invited submissions for this tribute should be received in the P&P editorial office by February 8, 1999.
Latarjet constructed a large quartz monochromator that was used to help determine two most significant action spectra. The first, in collaboration with John Jagger, was the action spectrum for photoreactivation of UV-inactivated E. coli, in 1956. The second, in collaboration with a number of investigators in 1970, was the spectrum for the inactivation of the scrapie agent. This spectrum did not look like that of DNA but of a protein. It was the first significant indication of the existence of an infectious agent missing in nucleic acids and obviously led to the Prion hypothesis in favor today. In 1973 he was involved in experiments dealing with UV-induced skin cancer in mice and showed that induction was inhibited by caffeine.
It was natural that Latarjet covered so many fields. He had received, from the university in his home city, Lyon, a Doctorate in Physical Sciences and subsequently a Doctorate in Medicine with a Diploma in Pharmacy. He was Director of the Biology Section of the Foundation Curie-Radium Institute from 1954-1977 and subsequently was Honorary Director of the Institute. He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and a Commander of the Legion of Honor. In 1972 he received the Finsen Medal on the occasion of the 6th International Congress on Photobiology "for fundamental radiation studies particularly in the field of viruses."
Latarjet's last publication [Photochem. Photobiol. 65S, 106S-110S (1997)] demonstrates his erudition and humor.
Indeed, Raymond Latarjet was a giant. He was a man of the world. His death represents a tremendous loss to his many colleagues, students, and friends in France and throughout the world.
Richard B. Setlow
Every year at this time you, the members, have the opportunity to participate in selecting ASP's leadership for the following year. Nominations are being sought now for President-Elect, Secretary, and several Councilors. We want to encourage you to suggest individuals, including possibly yourselves, for these positions. This is your chance to help steer the Society!
It is the responsibility of the Past-President (currently Margaret Kripke) to chair the Nominations Committee and to recruit nominees for President-Elect and Secretary. At the last Council meeting, it was decided that the President-Elect (currently Charles Gomer) would solicit nominations for the Councilor positions.
To ensure representation of all constituencies, nominations for Councilor are needed from every Society division. However, it should be noted that nominations from Divisions 1 and 5 are especially crucial this year. All four councilors retiring from Council this year are from Division 1. John Golbeck (Division 3) was appointed for one year to fill the seat vacated by Dan Yarosh (Division 5) when he became Treasurer.
Nominations can be sent to Margaret, Chuck, or me.
Nancy Oleinick
President
For your convenience here are the pertinent geographic and electronic coordinates. Ed.
Dr. Charles J. Gomer
Ocular Oncology Department
Children's Hospital of Los Angeles
4650 Sunset Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90027
Tel: (213) 669-2335
Fax: (213) 669-0742
gomer@hsc.usc.edu
Dr. Nancy L. Oleinick
Biomedical Research Building 3
Case Western Reserve University
10900 Euclid Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Tel: (216) 368-1117
Fax: (216) 368-1142
nlo@po.cwru.edu
Dr. Margaret L. Kripke
Department of Immunology
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 178
Houston, Texas 77030
Tel: (713) 792-8578
Fax: (713) 794-1322
mripke@notes.mdacc.tmc.edu
By now, anyone who reads this newsletter is aware that Photobiology Online (POL), the web pages of both ASP and ESP as well as nearly a dozen other photobiology societies, are being accessed in excess of 20,000 times a year. It's clearly useful to photobiologists, but how do we make it easier to access the pages? The simplest way is to make POL your Home Page, so that each time you start your web browser, it will be the first thing you see. It's simple, quick, and saves lots of time in the long run.
Below are some sample instructions for some of the more popular web browsers that show you how to change your Home Page. In essence you simply place the address of POL in a special place that can be accessed via the browser menus. (Note: If you want the European mirror of POL as your Home Page, substitute http://pol.newi.ac.uk or pol.newi.ac.uk as the address in the instructions that follow.)
In Netscape 3.01, click on the "Options" menu and select "General Preferences." A window will appear with tabs across the top. Select the "Appearance" tab. You will see a "Startup" section of the window. In that section tell your browser to start with POL by clicking the circle next to "Home page location" on the line starting with "Browser starts with." In the text box below this line enter the address, http://www.POL-US.net. Click "OK" at the bottom, and POL is your new Home Page.
In Netscape 4.01 or Netscape Communicator 4.06, click on the "Edit" menu and select "Preferences." In the "Navigator starts with" section click the circle next to "Home page." In the text box next to "Location" enter the address, http://www.POL-US.net (mandatory hyphen). Click "OK," and POL is your new Home Page.
In Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.02, click on the "View" menu and select "Options." A window will appear with tabs across the top. Select the "Navigation" tab. In the "Customize" section at the top of the window type www.POL-US.net (mandatory hyphen)in the text box next to "Page." Click "OK," and POL is your new Home Page.
Dennis Valenzeno
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND PHOTOPROTECTION
Summary of an open discussion at the 47th Annual Montagna Symposium on the Biology of Skin
"Photobiology: the Molecular and Biologic Effects of Light and Their Impact on Skin and Skin Diseases"
Snowmass Village, Colorado, August 22, 1998
Background: The 47th Annual Montagna Symposium on the Biology of Skin was organized around the topic: "Photobiology: the Molecular and Biologic Effects of Light and Their Impact on Skin and Skin Diseases." When it was learned that NIH was to convene a workshop with a similar focus the following month, the symposium organizers invited all attendees to provide input on the major workshop topics. In this way, thoughts of this expert group could be introduced into the NIH workshop, which only a few planned to attend. Accordingly, the final 90-minute session of the symposium was conducted as an open-group discussion of selected workshop themes and involved approximately 50 dermatologists, photobiologists, and cellular-molecular biologists, all of whom are actively engaged in related research. The following are points on which there was unanimous agreement as determined by group votes.
Sunlight, photons, and the action spectrum: Sunlight as well as artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation consist of photons with wide spectra of energies (wavelengths). For photons from such sources to cause biologic effects, they must first be absorbed by molecules (chromophores) within the skin.
Because each molecule absorbs specific wavelengths, the effects of light on skin are highly dependent on the wavelengths emitted by the source. By measuring the comparative efficiencies of photons in a spectrum of sunlight (or ultraviolet light from an artificial source) to produce a specific effect, one establishes an action spectrum (such as for cancer development or immunosuppression). Each action spectrum, therefore, represents modification by absorbed photons for a specific effect. Thus, action spectra are different for various effects, for example, for development of the different types of skin cancer.
Skin cancer is caused by sunlight: Exposure of skin to sunlight is the cause of the vast majority of the major types of skin cancer: basal-cell carcinomas, squamous-cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Because these three types of skin cancer are different, statements about the role of sunlight (including ultraviolet radiation from sunlight), as well as the possible benefits of protective measures, must carefully identify the type of cancer that is under consideration.
Despite only modest knowledge about many effects of sunlight on skin cancer and the benefits of sun protection, several facts are relatively certain:
Photoprotection and Sunscreens: Reducing one's exposure to sunlight and to artificial sources of UV radiation (photoprotection) willdecrease the frequency of skin cancer and will delay and minimize photoaging. Sunscreens have the capacity to attenuate sunburn and to decrease the incidence of actinic keratoses and squamous-cell carcinomas. Consistent with the goal of reducing exposure to UV radiation, sunscreens are an important element in a comprehensive program of sunlight protection.
There is no evidence that by increasing sunlight exposure one can prevent or retard the development of skin cancer or that developing a "tan" offers more protection than minimizing sunlight exposure in the first place.
Epidemiologic studies to determine the effectiveness of sunscreen use in preventing skin cancers are likely to be confounded by the fact that persons at greatest risk of skin cancer are also most likely to use sunscreens. In addition, cancers develop typically after many years of exposure to sunlight, and the recent emphasis on sunscreen use may be as yet largely irrelevant to risk.
Practical approaches to photoprotection:
Studies of immunosuppression and its prevention have been compromised by the use of UV sources with output spectra often very different from that of sunlight (see prior paragraph).
Research Needs:
Paul R. Bergstresser, M.D.
Department of Dermatology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
Francis P. Gasparro, Ph.D.
Department of Dermatology
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia
Barbara A. Gilchrest, M.D.
Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston
David A. Norris, M.D.
Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver
Stephen E. Ullrich, Ph.D.
Department of Immunology, University of Texas
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
[The papers presented at the Snowmass symposium will be published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, probably in June 1999.]
At the 1996 or 1997 annual meeting, a workshop was held on the proposed standard and it was soundly denounced. Ed.] |
NEW CIE STANDARD, CIE S007/E-1998:
ERYTHEMA REFERENCE ACTION SPECTRUM AND STANDARD ERYTHEMA DOSE
The CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage or International Commission on Illumination) undertook a major review of its official recommendations on photobiological effects, their dose relationships and measurement. Based on these investigations, the present standard describes present-day knowledge of the erythemal effect.
The problem of dosimetry in skin photobiology lies in the fact that the ability of ultraviolet (UV) radiation to elicit erythema in human skin depends strongly on wavelength, encompassing a range of four orders of magnitude between 250 nm and 400 nm. Thus a statement that a subject received an exposure dose of 1 J/cm2 (104 J/m2) of UV radiation conveys nothing about the consequences of that exposure in terms of erythema. If the radiation source were a UVA fluorescent lamp, no erythemal response would be seen apart from people exhibiting severe, abnormal pathological photosensitivity. The same dose delivered from an unfiltered mercury-arc lamp or fluorescent sunlamp would result in marked violaceous erythema in most white-skinned individuals. Consequently, photobiologists have long recognized the need to express the exposure as an erythemally weighted quantity.
Recently the term minimal erythema dose (MED) has been used widely as a "measure" of erythemal radiation. This is unreasonable because the MED is not a standard measure of anything but, on the contrary, encompasses the variable nature of individual sensitivity to UV radiation. Variables that affect the MED include optical and radiometric characteristics of the source; determinants of the exposure, such as dose increment and field size; nature of the skin, such as pigmentation; previous light exposure and anatomical site; and observational factors, such as definition of the end-point, time of reading after exposure, and ambient illumination.
To avoid further confusing misuse of the term MED, CIE proposes that this term be reserved solely for observational studies in humans and other animals, and that a new term, the Standard Erythema Dose (SED) be used as a standardized measure of erythemogenic UV radiation.
This Standard specifies the erythema reference action spectrum, S, and the Standard Erythema Dose. This Standard has been approved by the National Committees of CIE and supersedes the recommendations made in Publication CIE 106/4-1993 (reprint from CIE-Journal 6/1, 17-22, 1987), a reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin.
This new CIE Standard can be obtained from the CIE National Committees or the Central Bureau of the CIE. French (CIE S007/F-1998) and German (CIE S007/G-1998) translations are also available. Contact the CIE Central Bureau, Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; fax: +43-1-713-08-3818; ciecb@ping.at; http://www.cie.co.at/cie/.
Taken from a CIE press release. See also preceding story.Ed.
SEAWPIT ´98: FIRST SOUTHEAST ASIAN WORKSHOP ON PHOTOBIOLOGY IN THE TROPICS
This event took place in Ujung Pandang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia on September 1-5, 1998, in the form of a workshop and an optional excursion afterwards. The aim of the meeting was "to introduce the basics, possible applications and benefits of photobiology, photochemistry and photomedicine to the audience, students as well as researchers and-very important-decision-makers, with the intention to establish a strong research and education base specifically in the tropical regions of the world."
The idea for this activity was born about 1991, when one of the organizers (KW) learned during a research stay in Japan that radiation biology and photobiology were completely unknown subjects in the universities in Indonesia. We later learned that this disturbing fact is true for most of the developing countries in the tropical belt worldwide-despite the fact that solar intensities are much higher in that geographical region compared to the more populated regions in both the northern and southern hemispheres, where most photobiological research is concentrated by now
We first had a very positive constellation in late summer 1997: motivated and reliable partners in Indonesia, signs from potential sponsors, and the final agreement of ESP during the its congress in Stresa to cosponsor and help organize the meeting. Shortly after that AIP also decided to join as co-organizer and cosponsor. At this time, unfortunately, ASP decided rather late to take a relatively minor role in this first event. (We hope for a full integration of ASP into the Second SEAWPIT conference in late December 2000.)
Much to our liking-and with the invaluable help and assistance of Prof. Giulio Jori and several other members of ESP-we were able to convince a good number of well-known speakers to cover a wide variety of subjects in the fields of photobiology, photochemistry, and photomedicine during the conference. We had a total of 15 invited speakers from nine countries worldwide, including three speakers from the subtropical and tropical regions. Twelve speakers delivered their lectures in person; three others, who were unable to attend, contributed their talks as "lectures-in-print."
The scientific program was grouped by general themes for each day: Basic Aspects of Photochemistry and Photobiology; Environmental Photobiology; Sunlight, Public Health, and Biotechnology; and Photobiology in Medicine and Pharmacology. The meeting closed with a general discussion about the status and perspectives of photobiology in the tropics and a closing ceremony.
Most of the 134 attendees (out of some 200 total registrations and requests received) came from Sulawesi and the others mainly from Java. Due to the financial crisis in Southeast Asia and the rest of the developing world, many people had to cancel. (We knew that these difficulties would present problems, but we decided not to postpone the meeting. We think we were right, as shown by the attendance, which was more than satisfactory under the circumstances.) The attendance was diverse among disciplines, researchers, students, staff, and other professionals.
The sessions each had an average attendance of 60-100 people, depending on the topic covered. The status of knowledge among the participants differed-which is little wonder, since the topics are not covered in any university in Indonesia and literature in the field is rarely available. Nevertheless, we were relieved to note that the audience did not hesitate to ask questions after the lectures and at the end of each day of the assembled speakers. Twenty-five posters from all disciplines were on exhibit throughout the meeting.
During the concluding roundtable discussion on the last day, results of a survey distributed during the conference were announced and discussed. The questions included: critical remarks about this conference; topics to be included in future conferences; type, time, and place for the next conference; proposed organizing committee; foundation of an Indonesian Society for Photobiology; and establishing a photobiology-research database and a communications/facility center for the tropics.
Goals achieved: The organizers believe that SEAWPIT ´98 was successful. A broad overview was presented, spanning as many aspects of the photosciences as possible. Participantshad the opportunity to learn several new aspects either from the fields of photoscience or about the real conditions of geography, culture, science, education, climate, and working in Indonesia. Many ideas for future training and research interests were also identified.
Decisions made:
We conclude that an important and necessary step has been taken to initiate activities in photobiology in the tropics, especially in the Southeast Asian region.
We express our thanks to all organizers, sponsors, speakers and participants for their constructive and motivated involvement and dedication to the goals of the workshop. Without their positive attitude the meeting would not have been so successful and enjoyable. Please visit our website (see below) for a complete list of the sponsors. We would also appreciate any useful comments, proposals, or other contributions. Please do not hesitate to contact us through any of the channels listed below.
The full version of this report, with photos, can be found at http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~xbiokw/seawpit98/ and through a link from POL.
Drs. Klaus Winckler and Lucia Fidhiany
Institut für Biophysik u. Environmental Photobiology
Freie Universität, Berlin, Thielallee 63,
D-14195 Berlin, Germany
tel: +49-30-838-2681; fax: +49-30-824-4058
e-mail: xbiokw@mail.zedat.fu-berlin.de
Prof. Sumali Wiryowidagdo
Faculty FMIPA, Department of Pharmacy
UNHAS, Campus Tamalanrea
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan, km 10
Ujung Pandang 90245, Indonesia
fax: +62-411-512-016
e-mail: sumali@upg.mega.net.id
The Association internationale de Photobiologie (AIP) seeks nominations of researchers who have made distinguished contributions to the science of photobiology.
Each nomination must be accompanied by the nominee's CV, one nomination letter, and at least two supporting letters, all of which should be sent to the address below. For more information, phone (402) 472-2749, fax (402) 472-3404, or send e-mail to pssong@unlinfo.unl.edu. The deadline for receipt of completed nominations is July 1, 1999.
The awards will be presented at the 13th International Congress on Photobiology, July 1-6, 2000, in San Francisco, which is cosponsored by AIP, ASP, and ESP.
The three awards and their criteria are:
July 10-15, 1999: ASP Annual Meeting; Washington, D.C.
August 1-6, 1999: XIXth International Conference on Photochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (icp99@chem.duke.edu)
September 7-11, 1999: Eighth ESP Congress; Prague
September 12-16, 1999: 6th Latin American Encounter for Photochemistry and Photobiology (ELAFOT~6); Rio de Janeiro (IRABRINN@IQ.UFRJ.BR)
July 1-6, 2000: Photobiology 2000: Joint International Congress (AIP, ASP and ESP); San Francisco
tbd 2001: Ninth ESP Congress; Lillehammer (http://www.lillehammerturist.no/index2.htm, in Norwegian; an English-language site will be on line in one to two months)
This could be construed as being relevant to our President's call for candidates above. Ed. |
BROOKHAVEN LAB SCIENTIST HONORED BY HER ALMA MATER
ASP member Betsy Sutherland, a scientist at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, has been elected to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Alumni Academic Hall of Fame.
Pictured here in her alma mater's Hall of Fame with Dr. John Peters, the university's Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, Dr. Sutherland is one of ten distinguished alumni who have received this recognition since it was first instituted four years ago to observe the bicentennial of the founding of the university in 1794.
After earning a B.S. and M.S. in biology in 1964 and 1965, respectively, from Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, Dr. Sutherland received her Ph.D. in radiation biology from the University of Tennessee in 1967. She completed her postdoctoral work at the Walter Reed Research Institute in Washington, D.C. and the University of California, Berkeley. In 1972, she joined the University of California, Irvine, where she was on the faculty until 1977, the year she went to BNL.
Dr. Sutherland investigates DNA damage and repair in organisms exposed to low doses of radiation or chemicals, and she has produced more than 125 publications in peer-reviewed journals. Among her many honors, in 1985 Dr. Sutherland was the first woman to receive the U.S. Department of Energy's Ernest Orlando Lawrence Memorial Award for Outstanding Contributions in Atomic Energy. She also received the AIP Edna Roe Award Lectureship in 1986.
Betsy and husband John, also an ASP member and BNL scientist, reside in Wading River, New York.
Adapted from a BNL press release.
To the editor:
I am the Director of the Photobiological Station at Playa Union, and after seeing your name [in] ASP News, I thought that maybe you would be interested in knowing about the activities that we are carrying out here in Patagonia. This is a rather new station backed up by a non-governmental foundation, and has the objective of studying effects of solar radiation on living organisms, and also disseminating results and findings in the field of photobiology through a visitor center open to schools and tourists.
Research is carried out with financial support obtained from national and foreign grants, and we work in cooperation with scientists [from] different parts of the globe. Although our main field of research is UVR effects on phytoplankton, the station is open to researchers [who] are working in higher levels of the aquatic food web. Please visit our web page (http://www.compuserve.com.ar/trelew/fotobiol), and do not hesitate to contact me if you are interested in other details about our activities.
Walter Helbling, Ph.D.
Estacion de Fotobiologia Playa Union
Casilla de Correos N 153
(9100) - Trelew - Chubut - ARGENTINA
Tel: 54 - 965 - 98019;
Fax: 54 - 965 - 96269
E-mail: fotobiol@plancton.satlink.net
= = = = = = =
To the editor:
A question was raised, in the [Fall 1998] issue of ASP News, concerning the "halo" over Kendric Smith's head in the photo on the cover page. Spectral analysis reveals that this is only snow, a typical event in Kendric's life.
David Kessel
Department of Pharmacology
Wayne State University School of Medicine
ASP News is published quarterly by the American Society for Photobiology
BioTech Park-Suite 9
1021 Fifteenth Street
Augusta, Georgia 30901
Editor: John S. Connolly, Ph.D.
SCIENTIFIC EDITING SERVICES
P.O. Box 16222 (NEW)
Golden, Colorado
(303) 278-0077
(303) 278-0086 (fax)
Connolly@SciEdServ.com
American Society for Photobiology| Photobiology Online | |
